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正如勒菲伏爾在《空間的生產(chǎn)》（1974）中所指出的，空間不是中性的容器，而是社會(huì)關(guān)系的產(chǎn)物。工業(yè)建筑亦是如此，它不僅承載生產(chǎn)流程，也折射出資本邏輯與能源制度。由milanesi | paiusco設(shè)計(jì)的泰瑞GIGA工廠，正是在這一視角下展開(kāi)，對(duì)工業(yè)建筑的過(guò)去、現(xiàn)在與未來(lái)進(jìn)行新的思考。

In the public imagination, factories are tied to enclosing walls, vast sheds, and endless assembly lines—spaces long viewed as closed, monotonous, and efficiency-driven. In China, they were once seen as unsightly and low-grade, reinforcing negative stereotypes. Today, however, factories are no longer mere production containers; they increasingly embody questions of energy transition, ecological responsibility, and labor conditions.

As Henri Lefebvre argued in The Production of Space (1974), space is not neutral but produced through social relations. Industrial architecture likewise not only supports production processes but also mirrors the logic of capital and energy regimes. Tederic GIGA Factory, designed by milanesi|paiusco, seeks to reframe how we think about the past, present, and future of industrial architecture.

1913年，亨利·福特將流水線(xiàn)與標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化生產(chǎn)引入位于底特律的Highland Park工廠，奠定了現(xiàn)代工業(yè)生產(chǎn)的典范。這一空間邏輯極大提升了生產(chǎn)效率，卻也將工人徹底納入紀(jì)律化的體系之中，他們被流水線(xiàn)規(guī)訓(xùn)，勞動(dòng)逐漸失去主體性。正因如此，福特制工廠被譽(yù)為「生產(chǎn)殿堂」，但同時(shí)也成為「勞動(dòng)異化空間」的象征。

In 1913, Henry Ford introduced the assembly line and standardized production at the Highland Park Factory in Detroit, establishing a paradigm for modern industrial production. This spatial logic dramatically increased efficiency, but it also subjected workers to a rigid disciplinary system—shaped by the assembly line, labor gradually lost its autonomy. Fordist factories were celebrated as "cathedrals of production," yet they also became symbols of the "alienation of labor."

進(jìn)入后工業(yè)化階段，中國(guó)開(kāi)始面臨環(huán)境危機(jī)與社會(huì)訴求的雙重壓力。過(guò)去以犧牲工人福祉和環(huán)境為代價(jià)換取效率與增長(zhǎng)的空間邏輯，正在被不斷質(zhì)疑與修正，更加綠色、人本和可持續(xù)的工業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型逐漸成為新的方向。

In the post-industrial stage, China has begun to face the dual pressures of environmental crises and social demands. The spatial logic of pursuing efficiency and growth at the expense of workers' welfare and the environment is being increasingly questioned and revised, while a greener, more human-centered, and sustainable industrial transformation is gradually emerging as the new direction.

在碳中和目標(biāo)已成為全球共識(shí)的背景下，工業(yè)建筑因其高能耗與高排放特征，成為能源轉(zhuǎn)型與減碳實(shí)踐的關(guān)鍵場(chǎng)所。

通過(guò)引入光伏發(fā)電、可再生能源和循環(huán)利用等措施，工廠不再只是能源消耗者，而是逐步演化為具有生產(chǎn)與調(diào)節(jié)能力的能源節(jié)點(diǎn)。

With carbon neutrality now became a global consensus, industrial buildings—characterized by high energy consumption and high emissions—have become critical sites for energy transition and decarbonization.

By integrating photovoltaic systems, renewable energy, and recycling strategies, factories are no longer just energy consumers but are evolving into energy nodes with both productive and regulatory capacities.

泰瑞GIGA工廠位于浙江省嘉興市桐鄉(xiāng)市經(jīng)濟(jì)開(kāi)發(fā)區(qū)，占地面積247畝（約164,666平方米），建筑面積244,581平方米。由金加工車(chē)間、注塑及壓鑄機(jī)組裝車(chē)間、辦公綜合樓、技術(shù)研發(fā)中心等多功能模塊構(gòu)成。工廠由milanesi | paiusco負(fù)責(zé)建筑設(shè)計(jì)，旨在打造一個(gè)兼具高效生產(chǎn)與可持續(xù)發(fā)展的綠色創(chuàng)新型工業(yè)園區(qū)。建造歷時(shí)僅1年9個(gè)月，這座“零碳”未來(lái)工廠于2024年7月正式竣工投產(chǎn)。

Tederic GIGA Factory, located in the Economic Development Zone of Tongxiang, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, covering a site area of approximately 164,666 square meters and a gross floor area of around 244,581 square meters. It comprises machining workshops, injection molding and die-casting assembly halls, an office complex, and a testing lab. Designed by milanesi|paiusco, the project seeks to create an innovative green industrial park combining efficient production with sustainable development. After approximately 1 year and 9 months of construction, this "zero-carbon" factory was completed and inaugurated in July 2024.

工廠屋頂所設(shè)置的11.69MW光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng)，是其綠色能源體系的核心，其年均發(fā)電量可達(dá)1142.23萬(wàn)kWh，相當(dāng)于4000戶(hù)普通家庭一年的用電量。

At the core of its green energy system is an 11.69 MW rooftop photovoltaic array, producing an annual average of 11.4223 million kWh—equivalent to the yearly consumption of 4,000 households. 

This system allows the factory to achieve nearly 100% energy self-sufficiency, fully covering operational demand while channeling 37% of surplus electricity back into the grid, contributing to regional renewable supply and advancing the zero-carbon agenda.

屋頂光伏發(fā)電系統(tǒng) ?山間影像

工業(yè)建筑的外觀在很長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間里往往被視為附屬，呈現(xiàn)出封閉、沉重、缺乏設(shè)計(jì)感的形象。20世紀(jì)初，德國(guó)阿爾菲爾德的Fagus工廠以鋼結(jié)構(gòu)與大面積玻璃幕墻打破了傳統(tǒng)厚重的立面形象，成為現(xiàn)代主義工業(yè)建筑的里程碑，為功能與美學(xué)的結(jié)合奠定了基礎(chǔ)。

For a long period, the appearance of industrial buildings was often considered secondary, presenting a closed, heavy, and uninspired aesthetic. In the early 20th century, the Fagus Factory in Alfeld, Germany, pioneered the use of steel structures and glass curtain walls, breaking with traditional heavy forms and becoming a milestone in modernist industrial design—laying the groundwork for the integration of function and aesthetics.

進(jìn)入當(dāng)代，工業(yè)建筑被賦予了超越單純生產(chǎn)的意義，其設(shè)計(jì)與美學(xué)不再是附屬，而成為承載功能與表達(dá)價(jià)值的重要方式。

In the contemporary era, industrial architecture has taken on a meaning beyond pure production, where design and aesthetics are no longer secondary but serve as vital means of fulfilling functions and conveying values.

泰瑞GIGA工廠的設(shè)計(jì)也以自身方式回應(yīng)了這一趨勢(shì)——在強(qiáng)調(diào)功能與適應(yīng)性的同時(shí)，通過(guò)立面、頂面、光線(xiàn)和材料選擇展現(xiàn)了簡(jiǎn)潔、理性的工業(yè)美學(xué)。

Tederic GIGA Factory responds to this trajectory in its own way—emphasizing functionality and adaptability while articulating a restrained, rational industrial aesthetic through its fa?ade, top surface, lighting, and material strategy.

屋頂以及立面通過(guò)太陽(yáng)能板鋼架雨篷以及體量的高低錯(cuò)落排布，豐富了建筑的層次關(guān)系，進(jìn)一步弱化了大體量的生硬感，使整體構(gòu)圖更具韻律感與層次感。

The roof and fa?ades, through the arrangement of solar-panel steel canopies and staggered building volumes, enrich the architectural layering, further softening the rigidity of the large mass and bringing greater rhythm and depth to the overall composition.

The fa?ade departs from traditional closed models, combining glass curtain walls and corrugated panels to maximize daylight penetration, enhance openness, and reduce lighting energy use. The ground-floor fa?ade employs glass or corrugated steel to visually shorten the building by 3–4 meters, effectively mitigating the oppressive scale of its mass and producing a lighter appearance.

非展示區(qū)域以不銹鋼瓦楞板替代玻璃，使立面保持與玻璃相近的反光效果，確保整體協(xié)調(diào)統(tǒng)一，同時(shí)顯著壓縮造價(jià)。

Non-display areas use stainless-steel corrugated panels instead of glass, maintaining reflective qualities close to glass, ensuring overall visual consistency, while significantly reducing costs.

工廠建筑不僅是生產(chǎn)效率的機(jī)器，更是成千上萬(wàn)工人日常勞動(dòng)與生活的空間。傳統(tǒng)工廠不僅體現(xiàn)為一種生產(chǎn)模式，也塑造了一種嚴(yán)格的空間秩序：封閉、昏暗、與外部環(huán)境隔絕的格局，使工人失去了主體性與舒適感。

然而當(dāng)代工業(yè)建筑正逐漸呈現(xiàn)出新的趨勢(shì)——在確保生產(chǎn)效率的同時(shí)，引入更多自然光線(xiàn)、綠化與景觀，使工作環(huán)境更加開(kāi)放宜人，泰瑞GIGA工廠的園區(qū)布局正是這一理念的體現(xiàn)。

Factories are not merely machines of efficiency; they are the spaces where thousands of workers spend their daily labor and lives. Traditional factories embodied not only a mode of production but also a strict spatial order: enclosed, dim, and isolated from the environment, stripping workers of agency and comfort. 

In contrast, contemporary industrial architecture increasingly seeks to combine efficiency with well-being—introducing daylight, greenery, and landscape elements to create open and pleasant work environments. The layout of Tederic GIGA Factory exemplifies this shift.

工廠規(guī)劃了兩大核心生產(chǎn)車(chē)間，南側(cè)金加工車(chē)間負(fù)責(zé)零部件的加工和熱處理，北側(cè)組裝車(chē)間自西向東依次布局大、中、小型機(jī)裝配線(xiàn)。設(shè)計(jì)采用高效的單向流線(xiàn)體系，使物流動(dòng)線(xiàn)、生產(chǎn)流線(xiàn)與出貨路徑緊密銜接，避免回流與交叉，提升整體協(xié)同效率并確保順暢運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。

The factory is organized around two core workshops. To the south, machining and heat treatment; to the north, assembly lines arranged west-to-east by scale (large, medium, small). A streamlined one-way system integrates logistics, production, and outbound flows, minimizing backtracking and intersections, improving coordination, and ensuring efficient operation.

 Ground-floor glazing 

首層設(shè)置3米高的落地玻璃，使車(chē)間內(nèi)部與外部景觀相連。打破了傳統(tǒng)工廠「黑盒子」的格局，工人能夠在日常工作中看見(jiàn)藍(lán)天與綠植，緩解長(zhǎng)期處于封閉空間帶來(lái)的壓抑感。

Three-meter-high glass panels connect interiors with exterior views, breaking the "black-box" typology of traditional workshops and allowing workers visual access to sky and greenery, alleviating the psychological burden of confinement.

 辦公區(qū)與休憩區(qū) 

 Integrated office and leisure zones 

A central atrium creates a rooftop terrace, maximizing daylight and greenery. This green respite fosters social interaction and provides a gradient transition between administrative and production spaces.

屋頂陽(yáng)臺(tái) ?山間影像

這種兼顧效率與關(guān)懷的設(shè)計(jì)，不僅改善了工人的日常體驗(yàn)，也間接提升了生產(chǎn)效率與創(chuàng)造力。它將表明，工業(yè)建筑中的「軟性?xún)r(jià)值」并非附屬，而是推動(dòng)生產(chǎn)力延伸與創(chuàng)新的關(guān)鍵動(dòng)力。

Such a balance of efficiency and care both improves workers' daily experience and indirectly enhances productivity and creativity. It underscores that "soft values" in industrial architecture are not peripheral but vital drivers of extended productivity and innovation.

未來(lái)的工廠，不再是隱匿于城市邊緣的生產(chǎn)裝置，而是社會(huì)運(yùn)行的重要節(jié)點(diǎn)。工業(yè)建筑應(yīng)該回應(yīng)具體語(yǔ)境與生產(chǎn)邏輯，而不是追求普適的「最佳方案」。它們將同時(shí)承擔(dān)制造、能源、生態(tài)與文化的多重使命，成為定義未來(lái)城市與社會(huì)關(guān)系的新型基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。

The factory of the future will no longer be a concealed device on the urban periphery but a critical node in social and ecological systems. Industrial architecture should respond to specific contexts and production logics, rather than seek universal formulas. It will simultaneously serve as a site of production, an energy hub, an ecological laboratory, and a cultural platform—reshaping the relationship between cities, societies, and industry.